What is a Shuntogram?

A shuntogram is a specialized diagnostic test used to evaluate the function of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt, such as a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt or a lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt. These shunts are surgically placed to help divert excess CSF from the brain or spine into the abdominal cavity, reducing pressure and relieving symptoms of hydrocephalus and related conditions.

Over time, a shunt may become blocked, disconnected, or malfunctioning, which can lead to a recurrence of symptoms. A shuntogram allows physicians to determine whether the shunt is working properly and, if not, where the problem lies.

How a Shuntogram Works

During a shuntogram, a contrast dye or radioactive tracer is carefully injected into the shunt system. Advanced imaging techniques are then used to track how the fluid moves through the tubing and into the abdominal cavity. This real-time visualization provides valuable information about:

Whether the shunt is flowing normally
The exact location of a blockage or malfunction
How well the shunt is relieving pressure from the brain or spinal cord

Why a Shuntogram May Be Needed

Your physician may recommend a shuntogram if you have a history of hydrocephalus and begin to experience new or worsening symptoms such as:

Headaches
Nausea or vomiting
Vision changes
Balance problems or difficulty walking
Cognitive decline or confusion

By identifying whether the shunt is functioning properly, your care team can decide if shunt revision, replacement, or alternative treatment is necessary.

Types of Shuntograms

Contrast Shuntogram – Uses contrast dye to highlight the flow of fluid through the shunt system with detailed X-ray imaging.
Nuclear Medicine Shuntogram – Uses a small amount of radioactive tracer to track CSF movement, providing highly sensitive detection of partial or subtle blockages.

Safety and Considerations

Shuntograms are generally safe and well-tolerated. As with any procedure involving contrast dye or radioactive tracers, there is a small risk of:

Allergic reaction
Headache or discomfort at the injection site
Rare infection or bleeding

Your care team will provide pre-procedure instructions, including whether you should adjust medications beforehand.

The Value of a Shuntogram in Hydrocephalus Care

Accurate assessment of shunt function is critical in managing hydrocephalus. A shuntogram gives physicians the information needed to guide treatment decisions, minimize complications, and improve patient outcomes.